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  LOADS : à External forces and moments (or couples) acting on a body are called loads.   TYPES OF LOADS ON A STRUCTURE ü These are loads to be considered in the design of a structure. ·      Dead loads ·      live loads ·      wind loads ·      snow loads ·      seismic loads/Earth quake loads   Ø Dead loads   : à The self weight of building (weight of wall, column, floors, roofs etc.) are dead loads. These are permanent loads acting on a structure.     Ø live loads   : à The moving or movable loads on a building like people, furniture’s, etc. are the live loads. These loads keep on changing time to time.   Ø wind loads   : à The wind load act horizontally on the surface of walls, roofs caused by the movement of air relative to earth . Wind load depends on several factors like height of structure, geogr...

(i) Absorption :- The absorption of water after 16 hours should not be more than 20 percent of its dry weight. (i) अवशोषण :- 16 घंटे के बाद पानी का अवशोषण उसके सूखे वजन के 20 प्रतिशत से अधिक नहीं होना चाहिए। (ii) Crushing strength :- The minimum crushing strength of brick is 3.5 MPa. The brick having crushing strength 7 to 14 MPa is of grade A and having crushing strength more than 14 MPa is of grade AA. (ii) पेराई ताकत :- minimum ईंट की पेराई ताकत 3.5 एमपीए है।  7 से 14 MPa की पेराई क्षमता वाली ईंट ग्रेड A की है और 14 MPa से अधिक की क्रशिंग ताकत ग्रेड AA की है। (iii) Hardness :- The brick should be as sufficient hard so hat no impression is left in the brick after impressed by finger nail. (iii) कठोरता: - ईंट उतनी ही सख्त होनी चाहिए जिससे उंगली के नाखून से प्रभावित होने के बाद ईंट में कोई छाप न रह जाए। (iv) Shape and Size :- The shape of standard brick should be 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm with rectangular shape and with sharp edge. (iv) आकृति और आकार: - मानक ईंट का आकार आयताकार आकार...

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Some important mechanical properties are: (i)         Strength (in tension, compression, shear, bending and torsion) (ii)       Elasticity                           (iii)       Plasticity (iv)       Ductility                        (v)         Brittleness  (vi)       Malleability               (vii)      Impact strength (viii)     Fatigue                               (ix)       Creep (x)       Hardness.                    ...

 MATERIALS Mild steel, tor steel, cast iron, brass, aluminium, copper, concrete, bricks, tiles, stone, timber, glass, etc. are some commonly used materials for engineering purposes. The important properties of materials are mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, chemical, physical, etc. From this subject point of view, here we shall discuss only mechanical properties of materials. Before going into the details of these properties, it is necessary to understand the classification of materials. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS The materials generally used for structural purposes, machine parts or electronic devices can be classified as (i) elastic, (ii) plastic, (iii) ductile and (iv) brittle. (i) Elastic Material:- A material is said to be perfectly elastic when the deformation produced under the action of external loads vanishes completely on the removal of the load. (ii) Plastic Material:- If a material does not regain its original size and shape on the removal of the load an...

  LOADS External forces and moments (or couples) acting on a body are called loads. Dead loads, live loads, wind loads, impact loads, seismic loads, snow loads are some of the loads to be considered in the design of a structure. EFFECTS OF LOAD ON A MEMBER 1. It may pull the member on which it acts to produce the tensile stress and tensile strain.(Refer Fig. 1.1). In this case, a member is said to be under tension. A member under tension is called a tie member. 2. It may push the member on which it acts to produce the compressive stress and compressive p strain. (Refer Fig. 1.2). In this case, a member is said to be under compression. A member under compression is called as column or strut. 3. It may shear the member on which it acts to produce the shear stress and shear strain. (Refer Fig. 1.3). Pins, rivets and bolts are known as shear members. 4. It may bend the member on which it acts to produce the bending stress and strain. (Refer Fig. 1.4). A beam is a bending memb...

  Q. What is Engineering Machanics ? Answer :-  It is mechanics of rigid body. ​ If the relative position of the particles doesn't change even in the presence of external forces. then it is rigid body. ​ Study of external force & their effects. MOS ​ It is mechanics of deformable bodies. ​ Here deals with the study of internal resistive forces. ​ Deformable bodies. ​Change in dimension/shape change. ​Resistance that has a tendency to oppose the change. ​ The basic objects of strength of materials to drive the expression for stresses, strans, deformation that are developed due to the external force, these are used in designing a component. Strength :- ​ Ability of a material to resist failure against external forces. ​ The maximum stress that can be developed just before Failure is called strength. ​ It is material property and is const for a given material. ​ It is primary design parameter. Stiffness :- ​Ability of a material to resist deformation. ​material property. ​sec...

Q. What is Rigid body ? Answer :- If a body does not undergo any deformation under the section of external loads, it is called rigid body. ​ The distance between any two particle of body body remains unchanged even after applying an external load to it. ​It is an imaginary concept infact no body is perfectly rigid. Q. What is Resistant body ? Answer :- A body which shows rigidity behaviour up to a certain amount of external load is called resistant body. Q. What is Deformabale body ? Answer :-   Dimensional change will be there . Q. What is Machanics ? Answer :-  Deals with the study of force and their effect on structure/member.

  MICROSOFT WORD 2010/2013          Q. What is Microsoft ? Answer :-  It is a brand company name that develps new customized software for global use. Answer :-  It is the biggest software maker in the universe.           Q. Who is the owner of microsoft ? Answer :-  Mr. Bill Gates.            Q. What is word ? Answer :-  It is the name of application software meant for documentation.              Q. What do you mean by version ? Answer :-  A version mean charges in original product that is needed into a society. Answer :-  A new version softwares are more equipped than older version.                Q. What is documentation ? Answer :-  A documentaion means preparation of a file that is more readable reliable user friendlyy and holds eye catching colours,   patterns a...

IT Industry (Information Technology) :- It is a technology that can process any kind of information. TYPE OF INFORMATION Ø Arithmetical (+,-,*, ÷ ) Ø Logical (if….else, while) Ø Conditional (>,<,>=,<=) Ø Scientific information (R&D). Ø Product Ø Personal   History of Computer     Father of computer :- Charl’s Babbage     Mother of computer :- Lady Ada (she wrote 1 st computer program to follow.) ENIAC (Electronic numeric integrator arithmetical calculator) Ø It was buit in 1800 SQFT (1800 squre feet area). Ø It was so slow in speed. GENERATION OF COMPUTER Generations Years Processor ·      First Generation 1946-1959 Vacuum tube ·      Second Generation 1959-1965 Transistor ·      Third Generation 1965-1971 IC (In...