IT INDUSTRY|HISTORY OF COMPUTER|FIRST COMPUTER IN THE WORLD ENIAC|GENERATION OF COMPUTER|MICROPROCESSOR|INPUT DEVICE|OUTPUT DEVICE|PROCESSING DEVICE|BENIFITS OF COMPUTER|LIMITATION OF COMPUTER|STORAGE OF COMPUTER|HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE|LANGUAGE|INTERFACE|TYPE OF COMPUTER|TYPE OF PORTABLE COMPUTERS|DATA MESUREMENT UNITS|BOOT PROCESSOR

IT Industry (Information Technology) :- It is a technology that can process any kind of information.

TYPE OF INFORMATION

Ø Arithmetical (+,-,*,÷)

Ø Logical (if….else, while)

Ø Conditional (>,<,>=,<=)

Ø Scientific information (R&D).

Ø Product

ØPersonal

 

History of Computer

   Father of computer :- Charl’s Babbage

   Mother of computer :- Lady Ada (she wrote 1^st computer program to follow.)

ENIAC (Electronic numeric integrator arithmetical calculator)

Ø It was buit in 1800 SQFT (1800 squre feet area).

Ø It was so slow in speed.

GENERATION OF COMPUTER

Generations	Years	Processor
·     First Generation	1946-1959	Vacuum tube
·     Second Generation	1959-1965	Transistor
·     Third Generation	1965-1971	IC (Integrated Crcuit)
·     Forth Generation	1971-1980	VLSI microprocessor
·     Fifth Generation	1980-onwards	ULSI microprocessor

Microprocessor :- It is a small chip made up of silicon (Si) semiconductor attached (mounted) on motherboard inside CPU that can process any kind of information.

Example :- 8088,80286,80386,80486,Pentium I , Pentium II , Pentium III , Pentium IV , Dual Core , Core 2 Deo , Quadra Core , I3 , I5 , I7 and its Generations.

 

Computer :- It is an electronic computing machine.

                     C        –        Common

                     O       –        Oriented

                     M      –        Machine

                     P        –        Particularly

                     U       –        Used

                     T        –        Technical

                     E        –        Education

                     R        –        Research

Fundamental Principle on which computer works.:-

I à P à O    Cycle

Input à Process à Output   Cycle

Input Device : Keyboard, Mouse, Camera, Scanner, Light Pen, Mike,

                               Joystick.

Processing Device : C.P.U and A.L.U(Arithmetical and Logical Unit).

Output Device : Printer, Plotter, Projector, Monitor, Speakers.

BENEFITS OF COMPUTER :-

i)      Speed              :         Million instruction per second (MIPS).

ii)    Accuracy         :         100%

iii)    Diligence         :         It never gets tired.

LIMITATION OF COMPUTER :-

i)                   It can not think with its own.

ii)                It cannot establish physical relationship like human.

Storage medium in computer :- There are two types of storage medium available :

1.    Internal Storage medium :- It is a space in computer memory that can hold information temporarily.

             Example :-   RAM (Random Access Memory).

                                    ROM (Read only Memory).

2.    External Storage medium :- It is a space in computer memory that can hold information permanently.

                  Example :-Floppy, disk, Hard disk, Compact disk, Cartridge magneto Optical disk, DUD, Pen drive, BRD (Blue Ray Disk).

                                         Flopply       à      1.44 MB

                                         CD     à      700 MB

                                         DVD  à      4.8 GB

                                         BRD   à      30 GB

There are two board sectors available to study in IT :-

i)                   Hardware :- all physical components through which shape and size of computer or other device gets declared.

ii)                Software :- It is a set of instruction written in machine language.

Types of software :-

1.    Operating System Software :- It is a set of instruction written in machine language for all device attached with computer. DOS UNIX, LINUX, NOVELL NET WARE, WINDOWS 95, 98, NT, 2002, XP, Millennium, 2003, VISTA, WIN 7, WIN 8, WIN 8.1, WIN 10, ANDROID, IOS.

2.    Application Software :- It is a set of instruction written in machine language for the specific purpose.

             Example :- (word, Excel, Power point access)etc.

3.    Compiler Software :- It convert user’s language to machine language to machine Language and vice-versa.

             Example :- Interpreter.

4.    Language   :- It is a software development tool to create or manufacture new                         customized Software.

             Example :- Fortran, Basic, Cobol, Algolco, BCPL, B, C, C++,                                 Oak, JAVA Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual JAVA, C#(C-Sharp).

Interface :- It is a software layer between user and machine.

There are two types of interface :-

i)                   CUI (character user interface)

             Example :- Buffer.

ii)                GUI (Graphical user interface)

             Example :- Desktop.

Types of computer :- There are four type of computer available that frequently used :

A.   Micro Computer                     Single user

     B.    Mini Computer

     C.    Main frame Computer                 Multi user

     D.   Super Computer    

 

 

Types of portable Computer :-

A.   Desktop

B.    Laptop

C.    Notebook

D.   Palmtop (Tablet)

Data Measurement Unit :-

Bit :- It is the smallest unit of data measurement. Or, It is the form of electronic pulses (+ve, -ve).

Byte :   8 Bits = 1 Byte Or, Symbol of Alphabet.

Approx.	Exact.	Higher units
1000 Bytes	1024 bytes	1 Kilo Bytes (KB)
1000 KB	1024 KB	1 Mega Bytes (MB)
1000 MB	1024 MB	1 Giga Bytes (GB)
1000 GB	1024 GB	1 Tera Bytes (TB)
1000 TB	1024 TB	1 Peta Bytes (PB)
1000 PB	1024 PB	1 Exa Bytes (EB)
1000 EB	1024 EB	1 Yota Bytes (YB)
1000 YB	1024 YB	1 Zota Bytes (ZB)

 

Boot Processor :- This process starts after switched on the machine in this process; Operating system software gets loaded into computer’s internal memory from external memory.